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초록

Superconducting qubits (SQs) offer a promising physical platform for scalable quantum computing. However, the practical implementation of such systems with error-correction capabilities requires enhancing the performance of individual SQs. For this, it is critical to understand the dissipation mechanisms of constituent materials. SQs are inherently susceptible to energy dissipation and irreversibility originating from various material defects, fabrication-induced inhomogeneities, and environmental fluctuations. Modeling such quantum systems based on classical thermodynamics provides an effective solution for their chip and packaging-level designs and implementations. In this study, a continuum-based thermodynamic modeling framework based on the Clausius-Duhem inequality is proposed for SQ systems. The framework provides a macroscopic and intuitive formulation of energy dissipation mechanisms, integrating multiple loss processes. This approach is used to provide numerical examples for both the C-shunt flux qubit and the Transmon qubit architectures and materials. The calculated energy relaxation time T1 exhibits good agreement with previously reported experimental results, confirming the validity of our approach. This study provides a systematic approach to designing SQs, offering a more comprehensive engineering solution to noise mitigation and system optimization.

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