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초록

Fibrous supercapacitors (FSCs) have attracted extensive attention as power sources for wearable electronic devices. However, their practical applications are greatly hindered by the low ion transport rate and the poor temperature adaptability of conventional electrolytes. To address this challenge, a graphene oxide (GO)/amino-functionalized metal-organic framework (NH2-UiO-66)/sodium alginate composite hydrogel electrolyte (GAS) based FSC was developed in this study using a one-step wet-spinning technique. Due to the synergistic effect between GO and NH2-UiO-66, a high-speed and continuous ion transport channel was constructed in GAS, facilitating the transport of electrolyte ions. The experimental results indicate that the ionic conductivity of GAS reaches up to 44.8 mS cm−1, which is 7.6 times higher than that of pure sodium alginate hydrogel electrolyte, which is further explained by molecular dynamics simulation. The device demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 127.5 mF cm−2 and maintains 91.7% capacitance retention after 11,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the introduction of calcium ions in the hydrogel electrolyte enables the GAS FSC to operate stably within a wide temperature range from 40 °C to −40 °C. This work establishes a general strategy for developing SC with properties of high ion transport rate, wide temperature adaptability, flexibility, and wearability.

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