Design of the Global Reconstruction Logic in the Belle II Level-1 Trigger system
  • Lai, Y.-T.
  • Koga, T.
  • Iwasaki, Y.
  • Ahn, Y.
  • Bae, H.
  • ... Lee, M.J.
  • 외 29명
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초록

The Belle II experiment is designed to search for physics beyond the Standard Model by investigating rare decays at the SuperKEKB e+e− collider. Owing to the significant beam background at high luminosity, the data acquisition system employs a hardware-based Level-1 Trigger to reduce the readout data throughput by selecting collision events of interest in real time. The Belle II Level-1 Trigger system utilizes FPGAs to reconstruct various detector observables from the raw data for trigger decision-making. The Level-1 trigger rate is limited to 30 kHz at the maximum expected instantaneous luminosity of SuperKEKB. To ensure reliable B physics measurements, the trigger efficiency for hadronic events, specifically, e+e−→BB̄ and e+e−→qq̄ processes, where q=u,d,s,c, must be close to 100%. The Global Reconstruction Logic receives these observables from four sub-trigger systems and provides a global summary for the final trigger decision. Its logic encompasses charged particle tracking, matching between sub-triggers, and the identification of special event topologies associated with low-multiplicity decays. This article discusses the hardware devices, FPGA firmware, integration with peripheral systems, and the design and performance of the trigger algorithms implemented within the Global Reconstruction Logic. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

키워드

B factoryFPGATrigger
제목
Design of the Global Reconstruction Logic in the Belle II Level-1 Trigger system
저자
Lai, Y.-T.Koga, T.Iwasaki, Y.Ahn, Y.Bae, H.Campajola, M.Cheon, B.G.Cho, H.-E.Ferber, T.Haide, I.Heine, G.Hsu, C.-L.Kiesling, C.Kim, C.-H.Kim, J.B.Kim, K.Kim, S.H.Lee, I.S.Lee, M.J.Liao, Y.P.Lin, J.Little, A.Moon, H.K.Nakazawa, H.Neu, M.Nishida, S.Reuter, L.Savinov, V.Sheng, T.-A.Shiu, J.-G.Sue, Y.Unger, K.Unno, Y.Won, E.Xu, Z.
DOI
10.1016/j.nima.2025.170577
발행일
2025-09
유형
Article
저널명
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
1078