Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run

Capote, E.; Jia, W.; Aritomi, N.; Nakano, M.; Xu, V.; Abbott, R.; Abouelfettouh, I.; Adhikari, R.X.; Ananyeva, A.; Appert, S.; Apple, S.K.; Arai, K.; Aston, S.M.; Ball, M.; Ballmer, S.W.; Barker, D.; Barsotti, L.; Berger, B.K.; Betzwieser, J.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Billingsley, G.; Biscans, S.; Blair, C.D.; Bode, N.; Bonilla, E.; Bossilkov, V.; Branch, A.; Brooks, A.F.; Brown, D.D.; Bryant, J.; Cahillane, C.; Cao, H.; Clara, F.; Collins, J.; Compton, C.M.; Cottingham, R.; Coyne, D.C.; Crouch, R.; Csizmazia, J.; Cumming, A.; Dartez, L.P.; Davis, D.; Demos, N.; Dohmen, E.; Driggers, J.C.; Dwyer, S.E.; Effler, A.; Ejlli, A.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Feicht, J.; Frey, R.; Frischhertz, W.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V.V.; Fuentes-Garcia, M.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Ganapathy, D.; Gateley, B.; Gayer, T.; Giaime, J.A.; Giardina, K.D.; Glanzer, J.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Goodwin-Jones, A.W.; Gras, S.; Gray, C.; Griffith, D.; Grote, H.; Guidry, T.; Gurs, J.; Hall, E.D.; Hanks, J.; Hanson, J.; Heintze, M.C.; Helmling-Cornell, A.F.; Holland, N.A.; Hoyland, D.; Huang, H.Y.; Inoue, Y.; James, A.L.; Jamies, A.; Jennings, A.; Jones, D.H.; Kabagoz, H.B.; Karat, S.; Karki, S.; Kasprzack, M.; Kawabe, K.; Kijbunchoo, N.; King, P.J.; Kissel, J.S.; Komori, K.; Kontos, A.; Kumar, Rahul; Kuns, K.; Landry, M.; Lantz, B.; Laxen, M.; Lee, K.; Lesovsky, M.; Villarreal, F. Llamas; Lormand, M.; Loughlin, H.A.; Macas, R.; Macinnis, M.; Makarem, C.N.; Mannix, B.; Mansell, G.L.; Martin, R.M.; Mason, K.; Matichard, F.; Mavalvala, N.; Maxwell, N.; McCarrol, G.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D.E.; McCormick, S.; McRae, T.; Mera, F.; Merilh, E.L.; Meylahn, F.; Mittleman, R.; Moraru, D.; Moreno, G.; Mullavey, A.; Nelson, T.J.N.; Neunzert, A.; Notte, J.; Oberling, J.; O'Hanlon, T.; Osthelder, C.; Ottaway, D.J.; Overmier, H.; Parker, W.; Patane, O.; Pele, A.; Pham, H.; Pirello, M.; Pullin, J.; Quetschke, V.; Ramirez, K.E.; Ransom, K.; Reyes, J.; Richardson, J.W.; Robinson, M.; Rollins, J.G.; Romel, C.L.; Romie, J.H.; Ross, M.P.; Ryan, K.; Sadecki, T.; Sanchez, A.; Sanchez, E.J.; Sanchez, L.E.; Savage, R.L.; Schaetzl, D.; Schiworski, M.G.; Schnabel, R.; Schofield, R.M.S.; Schwartz, E.; Sellers, D.; Shaffer, T.; Short, R.W.; Sigg, D.; Slagmolen, B.J.J.; Soike, C.; Soni, S.; Srivastava, V.; Sun, L.; Tanner, D.B.; Thomas, M.; Thomas, P.; Thorne, K.A.; Todd, M.R.; Torrie, C.I.; Traylor, G.; Ubhi, A.S.; Vajente, G.; Vanosky, J.; Vecchio, A.; Veitch, P.J.; Vibhute, A.M.; Von Reis, E.R.G.; Warner, J.; Weaver, B.; Weiss, R.; Whittle, C.; Willke, B.; Wipf, C.C.; Wright, J.L.; Yamamoto, H.; Zhang, L.; Zucker, M.E.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.062002

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Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run

Capote, E.;
Jia, W.;
Aritomi, N.;
Nakano, M.;
Xu, V.;
... Lee, K.;
외 190명

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On May 24, 2023, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), joined by the Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, began the fourth observing run for a two-year-long dedicated search for gravitational waves. The LIGO Hanford and Livingston detectors have achieved an unprecedented sensitivity to gravitational waves, with an angle-averaged median range to binary neutron star mergers of 152 and 160 Mpc, and duty cycles of 65.0% and 71.2%, respectively, with a coincident duty cycle of 52.6%. The maximum range achieved by the LIGO Hanford detector is 165 Mpc and the LIGO Livingston detector 177 Mpc, both achieved during the second part of the fourth observing run. For the fourth run, the quantum-limited sensitivity of the detectors was increased significantly due to the higher intracavity power from laser system upgrades and replacement of core optics, and from the addition of a 300 m filter cavity to provide the squeezed light with a frequency-dependent squeezing angle, part of the A+ upgrade program. Altogether, the A+ upgrades led to reduced detector-wide losses for the squeezed vacuum states of light which, alongside the filter cavity, enabled broadband quantum noise reduction of up to 5.2 dB at the Hanford observatory and 6.1 dB at the Livingston observatory. Improvements to sensors and actuators as well as significant controls commissioning increased low frequency sensitivity. This paper details these instrumental upgrades, analyzes the noise sources that limit detector sensitivity, and describes the commissioning challenges of the fourth observing run. © 2025 American Physical Society.

키워드

GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTOR; HIGH-POWER; DEFORMABLE MIRRORS; SCATTERED-LIGHT; THERMAL NOISE; DYNAMIC-RANGE; LASER SYSTEM; FLUCTUATIONS; GENERATION; READOUT

제목: Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run

저자: Capote, E.; Jia, W.; Aritomi, N.; Nakano, M.; Xu, V.; Abbott, R.; Abouelfettouh, I.; Adhikari, R.X.; Ananyeva, A.; Appert, S.; Apple, S.K.; Arai, K.; Aston, S.M.; Ball, M.; Ballmer, S.W.; Barker, D.; Barsotti, L.; Berger, B.K.; Betzwieser, J.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Billingsley, G.; Biscans, S.; Blair, C.D.; Bode, N.; Bonilla, E.; Bossilkov, V.; Branch, A.; Brooks, A.F.; Brown, D.D.; Bryant, J.; Cahillane, C.; Cao, H.; Clara, F.; Collins, J.; Compton, C.M.; Cottingham, R.; Coyne, D.C.; Crouch, R.; Csizmazia, J.; Cumming, A.; Dartez, L.P.; Davis, D.; Demos, N.; Dohmen, E.; Driggers, J.C.; Dwyer, S.E.; Effler, A.; Ejlli, A.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Feicht, J.; Frey, R.; Frischhertz, W.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V.V.; Fuentes-Garcia, M.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Ganapathy, D.; Gateley, B.; Gayer, T.; Giaime, J.A.; Giardina, K.D.; Glanzer, J.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Goodwin-Jones, A.W.; Gras, S.; Gray, C.; Griffith, D.; Grote, H.; Guidry, T.; Gurs, J.; Hall, E.D.; Hanks, J.; Hanson, J.; Heintze, M.C.; Helmling-Cornell, A.F.; Holland, N.A.; Hoyland, D.; Huang, H.Y.; Inoue, Y.; James, A.L.; Jamies, A.; Jennings, A.; Jones, D.H.; Kabagoz, H.B.; Karat, S.; Karki, S.; Kasprzack, M.; Kawabe, K.; Kijbunchoo, N.; King, P.J.; Kissel, J.S.; Komori, K.; Kontos, A.; Kumar, Rahul; Kuns, K.; Landry, M.; Lantz, B.; Laxen, M.; Lee, K.; Lesovsky, M.; Villarreal, F. Llamas; Lormand, M.; Loughlin, H.A.; Macas, R.; Macinnis, M.; Makarem, C.N.; Mannix, B.; Mansell, G.L.; Martin, R.M.; Mason, K.; Matichard, F.; Mavalvala, N.; Maxwell, N.; McCarrol, G.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D.E.; McCormick, S.; McRae, T.; Mera, F.; Merilh, E.L.; Meylahn, F.; Mittleman, R.; Moraru, D.; Moreno, G.; Mullavey, A.; Nelson, T.J.N.; Neunzert, A.; Notte, J.; Oberling, J.; O'Hanlon, T.; Osthelder, C.; Ottaway, D.J.; Overmier, H.; Parker, W.; Patane, O.; Pele, A.; Pham, H.; Pirello, M.; Pullin, J.; Quetschke, V.; Ramirez, K.E.; Ransom, K.; Reyes, J.; Richardson, J.W.; Robinson, M.; Rollins, J.G.; Romel, C.L.; Romie, J.H.; Ross, M.P.; Ryan, K.; Sadecki, T.; Sanchez, A.; Sanchez, E.J.; Sanchez, L.E.; Savage, R.L.; Schaetzl, D.; Schiworski, M.G.; Schnabel, R.; Schofield, R.M.S.; Schwartz, E.; Sellers, D.; Shaffer, T.; Short, R.W.; Sigg, D.; Slagmolen, B.J.J.; Soike, C.; Soni, S.; Srivastava, V.; Sun, L.; Tanner, D.B.; Thomas, M.; Thomas, P.; Thorne, K.A.; Todd, M.R.; Torrie, C.I.; Traylor, G.; Ubhi, A.S.; Vajente, G.; Vanosky, J.; Vecchio, A.; Veitch, P.J.; Vibhute, A.M.; Von Reis, E.R.G.; Warner, J.; Weaver, B.; Weiss, R.; Whittle, C.; Willke, B.; Wipf, C.C.; Wright, J.L.; Yamamoto, H.; Zhang, L.; Zucker, M.E.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.062002

발행일: 2025-03-15

유형: Article

저널명: Physical Review d

권: 111

호: 6

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