ScholarWorks@성균관대학교

초록

Derived from industrial waste sulfur, sulfur-rich polymers hold great potential for developing intelligent systems capable of autonomous function. However, 4D printing of multi-functional sulfur-rich polymer composites remains challenging. Herein, we report the fabrication of multi-functional smart systems via modular assembly of 3D-printed smart parts using 4D printable and multi-stimuli-responsive sulfur-rich polymer composites. By incorporating ferromagnetic chromium dioxide (CrO2) fillers into a poly(phenylene polysulfide) (PSN) matrix, PSN-CrO2 composites can be 3D-printed through hot-melt extrusion. Due to the loosely crosslinked structure and dynamic S[sbnd]S bonds within the PSN matrix, the printed structures can be reprinted into new form factors. Owing to the photothermal properties of the PSN-CrO2 composites, their thermally induced multi-functionality can be realized by controlling the intensity of NIR irradiation. With 10 wt% of CrO2 content, 3D-printed PSN-CrO2 composite structures can be modularly assembled through interfacial welding, shape-morphing governed by the glass transition temperature (Tg), and the Curie transition-based demagnetization under the NIR intensities of 1.94 W cm−2, 0.27 W cm−2, and 1.11 W cm−2, respectively. By integrating these multi-functional capabilities, 3D-printed smart parts are modularly assembled into a soft robotic vehicle, demonstrating manipulatable locomotion controlled by light and magnetic fields. Upon NIR irradiation, the vehicle exhibits forward locomotion through shape-morphing of the axles and also undergoes position switching by demagnetization-triggered release from magnetic fields. This work highlights the unexplored potential of sulfur-rich polymers as a sustainable, waste-derived material platform for designing autonomous soft machines through scalable 4D printing and modular assembly.

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